Choosing the perfect name for your horse is an exciting yet meaningful task. Whether your horse is a bold stallion, a graceful mare, or a playful foal, the right name can capture their spirit, personality, and beauty. From powerful and majestic names to cute and creative ones, this guide offers a variety of unique name ideas tailored for every type of horse.
Whether you’re looking for names inspired by nature, mythology, colors, or even famous horses from history and pop culture, you’ll find plenty of inspiration here. No matter if your horse is destined for racing, show jumping, or simply a loyal companion, their name should be as special as they are.
Explore our handpicked selection of horse names, along with their meanings, to find the perfect match for your equine friend!
Male Horse Names
Male horses, whether stallions or geldings, often exude strength, power, and charisma. Their names should reflect their noble and commanding presence, whether they are fierce competitors, loyal companions, or free-spirited adventurers. From legendary warriors and mythical gods to natural elements and fearless outlaws, these names embody courage, speed, and dominance.
Whether your horse is a fast racer, a strong workhorse, or an elegant show horse, this list of male horse names will help you find the perfect name that suits his personality and style. Each name carries a special meaning, making it even more fitting for your equine companion.
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Thunderbolt | Represents speed and power, like a lightning strike  |
| Shadowfax | Inspired by Gandalf’s legendary fast and intelligent horse in Lord of the Rings |
| Stormbreaker | A name symbolizing strength, resilience, and the ability to overcome any storm  |
| Maverick | Represents independence, boldness, and a free-spirited nature |
| Titan | Named after the mighty Greek deities, symbolizing immense strength and dominance |
| Blaze | Represents fiery energy, speed, and determination  |
| Apollo | Named after the Greek god of the sun, light, and music, symbolizing brilliance and grace |
| Phantom | Mysterious, swift, and elusive like a ghostly presence  |
| Onyx | Inspired by the black gemstone, symbolizing power, protection, and elegance |
| Winchester | Inspired by the famous rifle, representing strength, endurance, and rugged charm |
| Atlas | Named after the Titan who held up the sky, symbolizing strength and resilience  |
| Comet | Fast and radiant like a shooting star, perfect for a swift horse  |
| Bandit | Playful yet mischievous, ideal for a spirited and adventurous horse |
| Knight | Noble, brave, and honorable like a medieval warrior  |
| Zephyr | Means “gentle breeze” in Greek, perfect for a light and graceful horse  |
| Hercules | Named after the legendary Greek hero, known for his superhuman strength  |
| Diesel | Represents raw power, endurance, and toughness like a diesel engine |
| Eclipse | Mysterious and rare, like a solar or lunar eclipse  |
| Ranger | Ideal for a horse with a free-spirited and adventurous soul  |
| Arrow | Sharp, swift, and precise like a flying arrow  |
These names are perfect for stallions or geldings that embody strength, speed, and grace. 
Female Horse Names: Elegant, Graceful & Powerful
Mares and fillies possess a unique blend of grace, beauty, and strength. Their names should capture their elegance, spirit, and charm. Whether inspired by nature, celestial wonders, or mythical figures, these names reflect the power and allure of female horses.
Whether your horse is gentle and serene or bold and fiery, this list of female horse names provides the perfect combination of elegance and strength. Each name carries a special meaning to suit your equine companion’s personality.
Female Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Luna | Latin for “moon,” symbolizing mystery, beauty, and calmness |
| Willow | Inspired by the flexible yet strong willow tree, representing resilience and grace |
| Stardust | Magical and enchanting, like cosmic dust floating in the night sky |
| Sapphire | Named after the precious blue gemstone, symbolizing wisdom and elegance  |
| Nova | Latin for “new star,” representing brightness, energy, and new beginnings  |
| Daisy | Sweet and delicate, like the cheerful white and yellow flower  |
| Aurora | Inspired by the Northern Lights, representing beauty and wonder in the sky  |
| Ivy | A symbol of growth, determination, and everlasting strength |
| Phoenix | A mythical bird that rises from its own ashes, representing rebirth and resilience |
| Belle | French for “beautiful,” a name full of charm and elegance  |
| Celeste | Latin for “heavenly,” perfect for a majestic and graceful horse  |
| Misty | Soft and dreamy, like the early morning fog rolling over the fields  |
| Venus | Named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, symbolizing elegance and charm  |
| Pearl | Pure, rare, and precious, like the luminous ocean gemstone  |
| Seraphina | Derived from “seraphim,” meaning angelic and celestial in nature  |
| Skye | Inspired by the vast, endless sky, representing freedom and serenity |
| Melody | A musical and harmonious name, symbolizing grace and rhythm  |
| Ruby | Named after the deep red gemstone, symbolizing passion and energy  |
| Twilight | Represents the magical time between day and night, full of mystery and beauty  |
| Harmony | Symbolizes peace, balance, and a beautifully flowing nature  |
These names are perfect for mares or fillies with elegance, charm, and spirit.
Horse Name Generator: Unique & Creative Horse Names
Looking for a truly unique name for your horse? These creative horse names blend mystery, power, elegance, and adventure, making them perfect for a horse with a striking personality. Inspired by nature, celestial wonders, and mythical elements, these names capture the beauty and energy of your equine companion.
Whether your horse is swift as the wind, fiery in spirit, or carries an air of mystery, these names will make them stand out. Here’s a collection of imaginative names with their meanings!
Creative Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Shadow Dancer | Mysterious and graceful, moving like a shadow in the night |
| Storm Chaser | Fearless and adventurous, running toward the storm instead of away |
| Fireheart | A horse with a fiery spirit and a heart full of passion |
| Golden Spirit | Radiant and full of warmth, like a golden sunrise  |
| Mystic Thunder | A blend of mystery and power, like a rumbling storm on the horizon |
| Moonlight Sonata | Inspired by the famous piano piece, representing elegance and serenity |
| Velvet Lightning | Soft yet electric, with a striking presence and graceful movement |
| Crimson Streak | Fast and bold like a flash of deep red light across the sky |
| Frostfire | A unique mix of icy coolness and fiery energy  |
| Silver Phantom | Ghostly and elegant, appearing as a shimmering figure in the mist |
| Wild Tempest | Free-spirited and untamed, like a raging storm  |
| Obsidian Dream | Dark and dreamy, like the volcanic rock that glows with mystery  |
| Stardust Racer | As fast as shooting stars, with cosmic energy and brilliance |
| Eternal Flame | Everlasting passion and energy, always burning bright |
| Nebula Rider | Inspired by galaxies and cosmic beauty, riding through the stars |
| Whispering Wind | Gentle yet powerful, like a breeze that carries secrets |
| Inferno Blaze | A fiery and unstoppable force, like a raging wildfire |
| Winter Majesty | Elegant and regal, like the beauty of snow-covered peaks |
| Electric Eclipse | A rare and powerful presence, both dark and full of energy |
| Serene Comet | A mix of peace and high energy, glowing with celestial beauty  |
These creative names add a unique and enchanting identity to your horse.
Stallion Names: Powerful, Regal & Majestic
Stallions are known for their strength, dominance, and noble presence. Whether they exude the aura of a king, the might of a warrior, or the boldness of a leader, their name should reflect their power and prestige. These names are inspired by royalty, mythology, and legendary figures, perfect for a stallion that commands respect.
Below is a list of stallion names with their meanings, ensuring your horse has a name worthy of his noble spirit!
Stallion Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| King | A ruler and leader, symbolizing power and dominance |
| Duke | A noble title, representing strength and authority |
| Emperor | The highest rank of royalty, perfect for a commanding stallion  |
| Majesty | A name full of grace, power, and regal elegance |
| Sultan | A title for rulers in various cultures, symbolizing leadership and influence |
| Thor | Named after the Norse god of thunder, representing strength and might |
| Apollo | The Greek god of the sun, light, and beauty, symbolizing radiance and power  |
| Hercules | A legendary hero known for his unmatched strength |
| Caesar | Inspired by Julius Caesar, a symbol of power, intelligence, and leadership  |
| Titan | Named after the powerful Greek deities, representing immense strength |
| Magnum | Latin for “great,” perfect for a strong and dominant stallion  |
| Valiant | A name that means courageous and heroic, ideal for a brave stallion |
| Champion | Represents victory, strength, and unbeatable spirit  |
| Noble | A name symbolizing honor, grace, and dignity  |
| Maximus | Latin for “greatest,” a powerful and commanding name |
| Rogue | Independent, bold, and untamed, perfect for a free-spirited stallion |
| Brutus | Strong and fearless, inspired by historical warrior figures |
| Gunner | Represents power, energy, and unstoppable force |
| Royalty | A name that exudes prestige and high status |
| Legacy | Perfect for a stallion that leaves a lasting impression and greatness behind |
These names are perfect for stallions that embody strength, leadership, and majesty.
Horse Show Names: Elegant, Graceful & Prestigious
A horse show name should reflect grace, beauty, and excellence—qualities that make a horse stand out in competitions and performances. Whether your horse shines with elegance, speed, or sheer presence, their name should capture their spirit and uniqueness.
Inspired by celestial wonders, luxurious elements, and timeless charm, these horse show names are perfect for an equine star ready to captivate the audience!
Horse Show Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Starlight Symphony | A dazzling name, symbolizing harmony and brilliance like a starry night |
| Golden Charm | Represents luck, elegance, and the shimmering beauty of gold |
| Majestic Stride | For a horse with a powerful and graceful gait, exuding royalty |
| Sapphire Dreams | Inspired by the precious blue gemstone, symbolizing wisdom and beauty |
| Royal Encore | A name fit for a champion, perfect for a show-stopping performance  |
| Velvet Victory | A smooth yet powerful name, symbolizing grace and triumph |
| Moonlit Serenade | A dreamy and enchanting name, like a beautiful melody under the moonlight |
| Glimmering Grace | A name that exudes charm, poise, and elegance |
| Radiant Elegance | For a horse that shines with sophistication and poise |
| Shining Legacy | A name fit for a legendary horse, leaving behind greatness |
| Dazzling Diva | Perfect for a bold and confident horse that steals the show  |
| Twilight Waltz | A poetic and graceful name, like a dance at dusk |
| Enchanted Echo | A mystical and magical name, leaving a lasting impression |
| Frosted Jewel | Represents a rare and breathtaking beauty, like a shimmering ice gem |
| Phoenix Rising | Symbolizes strength, rebirth, and triumph over challenges  |
| Celestial Crown | A name that radiates heavenly beauty and regal presence |
| Aurora Spark | Inspired by the Northern Lights, symbolizing brilliance and wonder |
| Silver Harmony | A balanced and elegant name, representing grace and refinement |
| Timeless Beauty | A name for a horse whose grace and charm never fade  |
| Equestrian Jewel | Perfect for a show horse that shines like a rare and precious gem |
These names are ideal for horses that are destined to shine in the show ring.
Star Stable Horse Names: Mystical, Bold & Adventurous
In Star Stable, a horse’s name reflects their personality, speed, and spirit. Whether your horse is a fearless warrior, a celestial traveler, or a mysterious shadow in the night, their name should embody their unique essence.
Inspired by cosmic wonders, natural forces, and legendary warriors, these Star Stable horse names are perfect for an epic adventure!
Star Stable Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Midnight Comet | A fast and dazzling horse, streaking through the night sky |
| Firestorm | Fierce and unstoppable, like a raging storm of flames |
| Shadow Fury | A mysterious and powerful force, striking with stealth and strength |
| Silverwing | Graceful and swift, like a shimmering wing in flight  |
| Windrunner | Fast and free, racing with the speed of the wind  |
| Dark Phoenix | Rising from the ashes stronger than before, full of power and mystery |
| Starlight Rider | A celestial traveler, shining under the endless sky |
| Moonfire | A unique blend of cool lunar energy and fiery spirit |
| Frostmane | Cold and elegant, like ice flowing through its mane |
| Solar Eclipse | Rare and awe-inspiring, embodying both light and darkness |
| Mystic Warrior | A brave and magical fighter, full of wisdom and courage |
| Thunderstrike | Striking as fast as lightning, with the power of a storm  |
| Crystal Dancer | Light on its hooves, moving with a sparkling, magical grace |
| Nightshade | Mysterious and alluring, like the dark beauty of the night |
| Blazing Star | A bright and fiery presence, always standing out in the sky |
| Cosmic Voyager | A traveler through the stars, exploring the universe’s wonders  |
| Emberglow | A warm and gentle fire, glowing softly in the night |
| Storm Rider | A fearless horse, charging through wind and lightning |
| Nova Spirit | Bright and full of energy, like an exploding star in the galaxy |
| Phantom Blaze | A ghostly fire, flickering mysteriously in the shadows |
These names are perfect for a Star Stable horse that stands out in both beauty and power.
SSO (Star Stable Online) Horse Names: Magical, Fierce & Legendary
In Star Stable Online (SSO), your horse’s name represents its personality, power, and presence. Whether you ride under the moonlit sky, charge through storms, or gallop like a cosmic traveler, your horse deserves a name that embodies its unique spirit.
Inspired by celestial wonders, natural forces, and mythical energy, these names capture the essence of adventure and magic in SSO!
SSO Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Nightstar | A shining star in the darkness, full of mystery and beauty |
| Thunderbolt | A powerful and striking force, fast as lightning |
| Sunfire | Radiating warmth and energy, like a blazing sun |
| Frostbite | Cold, fierce, and untamed, like an icy winter wind |
| Moonwhisper | A quiet yet powerful presence, like a whisper under the full moon  |
| Shadowrunner | Swift and mysterious, moving like a shadow in the night |
| Stormdancer | Graceful yet wild, dancing through wind and rain |
| Starborn | Destined for greatness, a horse that shines with cosmic energy |
| Celestial Storm | A divine force of nature, combining the heavens and the elements |
| Ocean Spirit | Deep, powerful, and free, like the rolling waves of the sea  |
| Mystic Twilight | A magical and enchanting presence, between day and night |
| Glimmerdust | Sparkling and ethereal, like fairy dust in the wind  |
| Emberstorm | A fiery storm of passion, speed, and energy |
| Silver Streak | Fast and sleek, flashing across the landscape like a silver blur  |
| Phantom Whisper | A ghostly presence, moving like a whisper through the mist |
| Eternal Echo | A name that carries through time, never fading away |
| Crystal Breeze | Cool and refreshing, like a gentle wind over frozen lakes |
| Blizzard Chase | Charging fearlessly through snowstorms, fast and unstoppable |
| Inferno Steed | A horse with the fire of a volcano, burning with passion |
| Comet Blazer | A fiery streak across the sky, symbolizing speed and brilliance |
These names are perfect for SSO horses with adventure, magic, and strength.
Black Horse Names: Mysterious, Powerful & Elegant
Black horses have an undeniable presence—whether they exude mystery, power, or elegance, their name should capture their unique beauty. Inspired by the night sky, shadows, mythology, and dark gemstones, these names reflect the strength and allure of black horses.
If you have a majestic black steed, here are some powerful name choices with their meanings! 
Black Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Midnight | Dark and mysterious, like the stillness of the night |
| Shadowfax | Inspired by Gandalf’s legendary black horse in The Lord of the Rings |
| Eclipse | A celestial event where darkness overtakes light |
| Onyx | A deep black gemstone symbolizing strength and protection |
| Phantom | A ghostly and elusive presence, moving silently in the shadows |
| Obsidian | A dark volcanic glass known for its sharp beauty and power  |
| Dark Knight | Inspired by legendary warriors, symbolizing nobility and mystery |
| Raven | A symbol of intelligence, magic, and mystery, like the sleek black bird |
| Noir | French for “black,” exuding elegance and sophistication |
| Black Beauty | A timeless name, inspired by the famous novel about a stunning black horse  |
| Vortex | A swirling force of energy, representing power and intensity |
| Inkheart | Inspired by the deep, rich black of ink, representing creativity and depth  |
| Hades | Named after the Greek god of the underworld, powerful and enigmatic |
| Blackout | Mysterious and intense, symbolizing complete darkness |
| Panther | Sleek and powerful, like the stealthy black wildcat  |
| Thunder | A deep, rolling force of nature, powerful and commanding |
| Abyss | A deep and endless darkness, full of mystery and intrigue |
| Jet | Inspired by the deep black gemstone, smooth and luxurious |
| Sable | A rich, dark shade of black, often used to describe deep black fur or fabric |
| Grim | A name that embodies darkness and mystery, inspired by the Grim Reaper  |
These names are perfect for black horses that embody mystery, elegance, and power.
Stable Horse Names: Strong, Graceful & Timeless
A stable horse’s name should capture its personality, elegance, and the special bond it shares with its rider. Whether your horse is a majestic leader, a free spirit, or a graceful beauty, its name should reflect its unique essence.
Inspired by nature, movement, and legendary equines, these names are perfect for horses who stand tall in the stable and shine in the arena!
Stable Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Champion | A name for a winner, symbolizing strength and victory |
| Gallop | Inspired by the horse’s powerful stride and speed |
| Hoofbeat | Represents the rhythmic sound of a horse’s steps, full of energy |
| Bridle | A classic equestrian name, symbolizing control and connection |
| Majesty | A regal and elegant name for a horse that commands respect |
| Starlight | Shining and ethereal, like a star guiding the way |
| Windchaser | A swift and free-spirited horse, running with the wind |
| Stormhoof | Strong and powerful, like a horse that charges through the storm |
| Noble | Represents honor, grace, and dignity, perfect for a proud horse |
| Harmony | A peaceful and graceful name, reflecting balance and beauty |
| Spirit | A name for a horse with heart, fire, and unbreakable will |
| Rider’s Pride | A name that embodies the deep bond between rider and horse  |
| Golden Mane | A shimmering and majestic name for a horse with a stunning mane |
| Thunderhoof | Strong and bold, like the sound of hooves in a thunderstorm |
| Stardancer | A graceful and celestial name, perfect for a light-footed horse |
| Equinox | Represents balance, nature, and the change of seasons  |
| Legacy | A horse that leaves a lasting impact, carrying greatness through time |
| Phantom Stride | A mysterious and elegant horse that moves like a shadow |
| Wildfire | Fiery, untamed, and full of energy, like a blazing inferno |
| Amber Hoof | Inspired by the golden hues of amber, symbolizing warmth and beauty  |
These names are perfect for stable horses that are strong, elegant, and full of character.
White Horse Names: Elegant, Majestic & Pure
White horses are symbols of purity, grace, and beauty. Their radiant coats shimmer like fresh snow, moonlight, or icy crystals. Whether your white horse is a calm and serene presence or a powerful and untamed spirit, their name should reflect their elegance and brilliance.
Here are some stunning white horse names with their meanings!
White Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Snowflake | As unique and delicate as a falling snowflake |
| Blizzard | Fierce, powerful, and unstoppable like a winter storm  |
| Ivory | Inspired by the rare and precious white material, symbolizing beauty  |
| Frost | Cool and crisp, like icy winter air |
| Ghost | Mysterious and elusive, like a spirit drifting through the mist |
| Moonbeam | Soft and radiant, glowing under the moonlight |
| Cloud | Light, fluffy, and serene, like drifting clouds in the sky |
| Winter | A cool and elegant name, inspired by the frosty season |
| Diamond | Brilliant and unbreakable, shining like a rare gemstone |
| Silver Mist | A mystical and dreamy name, evoking foggy silver mornings |
| Stardust | Magical and celestial, like the dust of fallen stars |
| Crystal | Clear and sparkling, like pure ice or precious stones |
| Opal | Inspired by the shimmering white gemstone, full of hidden colors  |
| Aurora | Named after the Northern Lights, glowing in the night sky |
| Glacier | Powerful and timeless, like a massive river of ice  |
| Angel | A heavenly presence, pure and graceful |
| Nimbus | Inspired by bright clouds surrounding divine beings |
| Iceberg | A name for a strong and mighty horse, cool and unyielding  |
| Serenity | Peaceful and calming, embodying tranquility  |
| White Knight | Noble, heroic, and brave, like a legendary protector |
These names perfectly capture the grace, beauty, and strength of a white horse.
RDR2 Horse Names: Western, Rugged & Legendary
In Red Dead Redemption 2 (RDR2), your horse is more than just a companion—it’s your lifeline on the frontier. Whether you’re a lawman, outlaw, or bounty hunter, your horse’s name should embody the Wild West spirit. From classic cowboy terms to legendary gunslingers, these names capture the rugged, adventurous feel of the open range. 
RDR2 Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Outlaw | Perfect for a rebellious, untamed horse that rides against the law |
| Gunpowder | A fiery and explosive name, great for a fast and fierce horse |
| Whiskey | A smooth and strong name, inspired by the Old West’s favorite drink  |
| Mustang | A classic name for a wild, free-spirited horse of the frontier |
| Sheriff | A name for a strong, commanding, and fearless leader of justice  |
| Buckshot | Inspired by shotgun ammunition, perfect for a fast and powerful horse |
| Bandit | A sneaky, daring, and unpredictable name for a mischievous horse  |
| Bronco | A classic Western horse name, symbolizing a strong and untamed spirit |
| Ranger | A name for a skilled rider and protector of the land, like a Texas Ranger  |
| Ghost Rider | A mysterious, shadowy name, perfect for a dark or fast horse |
| Bullet | A lightning-fast horse that moves like a speeding bullet |
| Maverick | For an independent, strong-willed horse that doesn’t follow the herd |
| Stormrider | A bold and fearless name for a horse that rides through any storm |
| Ace | A top-tier name for a horse that stands above the rest, like an ace in poker ♠️ |
| Django | Inspired by the legendary gunslinger from Django Unchained  |
| Tex | A simple, rugged cowboy name, inspired by Texas |
| Dusty Trails | A nostalgic name for a horse that’s always on the move through dusty landscapes |
| Colt | A young, energetic horse, named after both a baby stallion and the famous firearm |
| Gunslinger | A fearless and skilled rider, always ready for a duel in the Wild West |
| Cactus | A fun, spiky name for a resilient horse that thrives in the wild |
Cute Horse Names: Sweet, Playful & Adorable
Not all horses are rugged outlaws—some are playful, gentle, and full of charm! Whether you have a tiny pony or a sweet-tempered mare, these cute horse names bring out their lovable personality. 
Cute Horse Names with Meanings
| Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Cupcake | A sweet and delightful name for a lovable horse  |
| Sugarplum | A charming and whimsical name, inspired by sweet treats  |
| Buttercup | A cute and flowery name, perfect for a golden or gentle horse |
| Honeybee | A buzzing, sweet name for a hardworking, energetic horse  |
| Snickers | A fun and playful name, like the popular candy bar  |
| Marshmallow | Soft, sweet, and fluffy—great for a white or gentle horse |
| Peaches | A juicy, cheerful name for a warm-colored or friendly horse  |
| Daisy | A classic, bright, and happy name inspired by the flower |
| Bubbles | A bubbly and energetic name for a playful horse  |
| Cinnamon | A spicy-sweet name, perfect for a chestnut or warm-colored horse  |
| Twinkle | A sparkling, magical name for a starry-eyed horse |
| Muffin | Soft and warm, like a delicious baked treat |
| Coco | A cozy and cute name, inspired by cocoa or chocolate |
| Pudding | A squishy, adorable name for a cuddly horse  |
| Tinkerbell | A fairy-like name, perfect for a small, dainty horse  |
| Starry | Inspired by the twinkling night sky, for a dreamy horse |
| Sparkle | A dazzling and bright name for a horse that stands out |
| Caramel | A rich, sweet name for a golden or chestnut horse  |
| Lollipop | A fun and colorful name for a horse with a sweet personality |
| Bluebell | A delicate and charming name, inspired by the pretty blue flower |
These names are perfect whether you want a legendary RDR2 horse name or an adorable, playful name.
Finding the Perfect Horse Name: A Reflection of Spirit & Style
Naming your horse is more than just a label—it’s a reflection of their personality, strength, and the bond you share. Whether you’re choosing a rugged and adventurous name for an RDR2 horse, a majestic title for a white stallion, or a cute and playful nickname for a beloved pony, the right name can bring out their essence.
From legendary outlaws to celestial beauties, and from fearless warriors to gentle charmers, these names are designed to fit every horse’s unique character. Whether your equine companion gallops through the Wild West, dances under the moonlight, or sparks joy with their sweetness, there’s a perfect name waiting for them.
May your horse’s name be as powerful, elegant, and unforgettable as they are.
